Gruppo Utilizzatori Italiani di TeX

[Risolto] Bibliografia non compilata

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  • 9 Agosto 2015 alle 7:53 #102808
    daniele
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      Buon giorno a tutti!
      Siccome mi sto apprestando a scrivere la tesi di laurea in latex, sto verificando che tutto il sistema LaTex funzioni a dovere (utilizzo TexStudio su OS X).

      E in effetti funziona tutto correttamente ad eccezione della bibliografia.

      Mi spiego. Quando compilo il seguente file tex

      `
      \documentclass[a4paper, 12pt, oneside, openany]{book}

      \usepackage[italian]{babel}
      \usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
      \usepackage[pdftex]{graphicx}
      \usepackage{amsmath}
      \usepackage{hyperref}
      \linespread{1.5}
      \usepackage{fancyhdr}

      % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % %
      %———-pacchetti bibliografia—————–
      \usepackage[
      style=numeric,
      backend=biber
      ]{biblatex}
      \addbibresource{bibliografia.bib}

      \begin{document}
      % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % %
      \frontmatter

      \tableofcontents

      \mainmatter

      \chapter{capitolo di prova}
      ciao mondo \cite{eco:tesi}

      \backmatter
      % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % %
      % stampiamo la bibliografia
      \addcontentsline{toc}{chapter}{\bibname}
      \printbibliography

      \end{document}
      `

      con questo file che contiene i riferimenti bibliografici (salvato come bibliografia.bib)

      `
      @book{eco:tesi,
      author = {prova},
      title = {io},
      date = {1-1-2015},
      }
      `

      il programma compila correttamente il sorgente, ma non riesco a visualizzare la bibliografia (come se non l’avessi inserita).

      Nella finestra dei messaggi ho i warning: “Empty bibliography” (in riferimento alla riga relativa a \printbibliography nel file sorgente) e “name{cite.0@eco:tesi} has been referenced but does not exist, replaced by a fixed one”.

      Secondo me l’errore dovrebbe essere nelle impostazioni di texStudio, ma ne non sono riuscito a venirne a capo (per la configurazione di texStudio ho seguito alla lettera la guida http://profs.lettere.univr.it/valbusa/files/2013/05/linee-guida-tesi.pdf).

      Qualcuno ha un’idea su come posso risolvere?

      Grazie,

      Daniele

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      • 9 Agosto 2015 alle 8:19 #102809
        Massimiliano
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          Hai fatto le 4 compilazioni necessarie?
          pdflatex
          biber
          pdflatex
          pdflatex

          Ho idea che tu ti sia fermato alla prima compilazione…

          PS. se non hai capito nulla di quello che ho detto è sicuramente il caso che ti scarichi l’arte di scrivere con latex, reperibile dalla sezione documentazione di questo stesso sito, e ti leggi almeno almeno i primissimi capitoli e il capitolo 7 che tratta appunto della bibliografia.

        • 9 Agosto 2015 alle 8:46 #102810
          daniele
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            Sì, ho sempre usato questi 4 comandi

            [attachment]C:\fakepath\Schermata.png[/attachment]

          • 9 Agosto 2015 alle 8:54 #102811
            daniele
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              Sì, ho sempre utilizzato questi quattro comandi, nello stesso ordine, per la compilazione.

            • 9 Agosto 2015 alle 11:32 #102812
              Massimiliano
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                Il codice che hai postato è corretto e l’errore che hai ti viene restituito quando non esegui la compilazione con biber.

                Il log di biber che ti dice?

                PS. occhio che il campo date non vuole quella formattazione ma richiede yyyy-mm-dd. In ogni caso questo è completamente scollegato dal tuo problema. Sul tuo log di biber infatti dovresti trovare scritto (tra le altre cose)
                `WARN – Datamodel: Entry 'eco:tesi' (bibliografia.bib): Invalid format '1-1-2015' of date field 'date' – ignoring`

                PPS. la compilazione con biber ha come output un file con estensione .bbl presente nella stessa cartella del tuo main. Se questo file non c’è a maggior ragione devi vedere che dice il log di biber

              • 9 Agosto 2015 alle 12:54 #102813
                OldClaudio
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                  Io con l’esempio minimo che hai fornito nel primo messaggio e dopo aver correto il formato della data nel campo date, ottengo tutto come si deve.
                  Sono su Mac OS X e uso l’editor predefinito per MacTeX, cioè TeXShop; ho anche messo le righe magiche`% !TEX TS-program = pdflatex
                  % !TEX encoding = UTF-8 Unicode
                  % !BIB TS-program = biber

                  \begin{filecontents*}{bibliografia.bib}
                  @book{eco:tesi,
                  author = {prova},
                  title = {io},
                  date = {2015-01-01},
                  }
                  \end{filecontents*}

                  \documentclass[a4paper, 12pt, oneside, openany]{book}
                  …
                  \end{document}`Non preoccuparti per il primo ambiente specificato prima di \documentclass; è fatto apposta per scrivere nella cartella di lavoro il contenuto dell’ambiente con il nome specificato come argomento nel comando di apertura dell’ambiente. Se vuoi saperne di più, l’ABC di LaTeX è contenuto nella guida tematica Il LaTeX Reference Manual commentato e tradotto in italiano, scaricabile dalla sezione Documentazione di questo forum.

                  Ma è solo un dettaglio, che però ti mostra anche il campo date corretto.

                  Con TeXShop ho:
                  1) cliccato Ty[eset per la prima esecuzione di pdflatex (nonostante nella finestrella accanto a Typeset compaia il nome LaTeX).
                  2) nella finestrella accanto a Typeset ho selezionato BiTeX, che grazie alla riga magica vuo dire di usare il programma biber.
                  3) ho riselezionato nella finestrella LaTeX, e ho cliccato due volte per eseguire due volte pdflatex.

                  I file di uscita è completo di indice e bibliografia.
                  Con TeXstudio dovrebbe succedere lo stesso; anche TeXstudio riconosce e interpreta le righe magiche.

                  Ma perché usi TeXstudio, quando TeXShop fa le stesse cose e, secondo me, meglio? forse perché TeXstudio in più riesce a contrarre gli ambienti in modo da rendere più pulita la schermata dell’editor quando si è a caccia di errori? Non nego che sia utile, ma non è assolutamente indispensabile. In compenso TeXShop è l’unico editor (che io conosca) che esegue il controllo ortografico capendo da solo quale dizionario ortografico deve usare in base alla lingua a cui appartiene la parola. Per me è essenziale, ma ovviamente dipende dal tipo d documenti che si scrivono.

                • 9 Agosto 2015 alle 13:02 #102814
                  daniele
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                    Un attimo, il log di biber è lo stesso del file principale?
                    Nel dubbio lo posto:
                    `
                    This is pdfTeX, Version 3.14159265-2.6-1.40.15 (TeX Live 2014) (preloaded format=pdflatex 2014.11.21) 9 AUG 2015 16:29
                    entering extended mode
                    restricted \write18 enabled.
                    %&-line parsing enabled.
                    **mainTesi.tex
                    (./mainTesi.tex
                    LaTeX2e <2014/05/01>
                    Babel <3.9k> and hyphenation patterns for 78 languages loaded.
                    (/usr/local/texlive/2014/texmf-dist/tex/latex/base/book.cls
                    Document Class: book 2007/10/19 v1.4h Standard LaTeX document class
                    (/usr/local/texlive/2014/texmf-dist/tex/latex/base/bk12.clo
                    File: bk12.clo 2007/10/19 v1.4h Standard LaTeX file (size option)
                    )
                    \c@part=\count79
                    \c@chapter=\count80
                    \c@section=\count81
                    \c@subsection=\count82
                    \c@subsubsection=\count83
                    \c@paragraph=\count84
                    \c@subparagraph=\count85
                    \c@figure=\count86
                    \c@table=\count87
                    \abovecaptionskip=\skip41
                    \belowcaptionskip=\skip42
                    \bibindent=\dimen102
                    )
                    (/usr/local/texlive/2014/texmf-dist/tex/generic/babel/babel.sty
                    Package: babel 2014/03/24 3.9k The Babel package

                    (/usr/local/texlive/2014/texmf-dist/tex/generic/babel-italian/italian.ldf
                    Language: italian 2014/03/29 v1.3k Italian support from the babel system

                    (/usr/local/texlive/2014/texmf-dist/tex/generic/babel/babel.def
                    File: babel.def 2014/03/24 3.9k Babel common definitions
                    \babel@savecnt=\count88
                    \U@D=\dimen103
                    )
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                    \it@doublequoteactive=\count90
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                    \Virgola=\count92
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                    Package: etoolbox 2011/01/03 v2.1 e-TeX tools for LaTeX

                    (/usr/local/texlive/2014/texmf-dist/tex/latex/etex-pkg/etex.sty
                    Package: etex 1998/03/26 v2.0 eTeX basic definition package (PEB)
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                    \etb@tempcnta=\count94
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                    \inpenc@posthook=\toks15

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                    [1

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                    [1

                    ]

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                    \openout1 = `mainTesi.run.xml'.

                    )
                    Here is how much of TeX's memory you used:
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                    182014 string characters out of 6135432
                    593101 words of memory out of 5000000
                    14930 multiletter control sequences out of 15000+600000
                    4851 words of font info for 18 fonts, out of 8000000 for 9000
                    1141 hyphenation exceptions out of 8191
                    35i,4n,43p,800b,1185s stack positions out of 5000i,500n,10000p,200000b,80000s
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                    exist, replaced by a fixed one

                    < /usr/local/texlive/2014/texmf-dist/fonts/type1/public/amsfonts/cm/cmr12.pfb>
                    Output written on mainTesi.pdf (2 pages, 20055 bytes).
                    PDF statistics:
                    34 PDF objects out of 1000 (max. 8388607)
                    27 compressed objects within 1 object stream
                    6 named destinations out of 1000 (max. 500000)
                    9 words of extra memory for PDF output out of 10000 (max. 10000000)
                    `
                    In ogni caso il file .bbl è generato

                  • 9 Agosto 2015 alle 13:50 #102815
                    OldClaudio
                    Partecipante
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                      No il .log di biber ha il nome del file bibliografico la cui estensione è .blg; il file prodotto da biber con estensione .bbl ha lo stesso nome del file .log di biber.
                      Il file .log col nome del file principale contiene la registrazione (log) di quello che pdflatex ha fatto durante la compilazione. In effetti il file .log, che hai allegato, nella prima riga dice che sta usando il motore di composizione pdftex con il file di formato pdflatex. Biber non ha nulla a che vedere con quel .log.

                      E il tuo file .bbl che cosa contiene? quello che ho ottenuto io contiene`% $ biblatex auxiliary file $
                      % $ biblatex bbl format version 2.5 $
                      % Do not modify the above lines!
                      %
                      % This is an auxiliary file used by the 'biblatex' package.
                      % This file may safely be deleted. It will be recreated by
                      % biber as required.
                      %
                      \begingroup
                      \makeatletter
                      \@ifundefined{ver@biblatex.sty}
                      {\@latex@error
                      {Missing 'biblatex' package}
                      {The bibliography requires the 'biblatex' package.}
                      \aftergroup\endinput}
                      {}
                      \endgroup

                      \refsection{0}
                      \sortlist{nty}{nty}
                      \entry{eco:tesi}{book}{}
                      \name{author}{1}{}{%
                      {{hash=189bbbb00c5f1fb7fba9ad9285f193d1}{prova}{p\bibinitperiod}{}{}{}{}{}{}}%
                      }
                      \strng{namehash}{189bbbb00c5f1fb7fba9ad9285f193d1}
                      \strng{fullhash}{189bbbb00c5f1fb7fba9ad9285f193d1}
                      \field{sortinit}{p}
                      \field{sortinithash}{c0a4896d0e424f9ca4d7f14f2b3428e7}
                      \field{labelnamesource}{author}
                      \field{labeltitlesource}{title}
                      \field{day}{01}
                      \field{month}{01}
                      \field{title}{io}
                      \field{year}{2015}
                      \endentry
                      \endsortlist
                      \endrefsection
                      \endinput
                      `

                    • 9 Agosto 2015 alle 13:59 #102816
                      daniele
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                        Ho provato a compilare anche con TexShop ma mi restituisce lo stesso output: il documento compilato correttamente ma senza bibliografia. 😕

                        In verità non mi trovo molto a mio agio con TexShop sarà perché TexStudio (come anche TexMaker) lo trovo più intuitivo, con molti comandi che compaiono a schermo (soprattutto quelli per formule matematiche) e con la colonna a sinistra che contiene o la struttura dei file o i label del documento.

                        Poi sarà che su Linux Mint ho sempre usato TexStudio 😀

                      • 9 Agosto 2015 alle 14:10 #102817
                        daniele
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                          il file .blg è:
                          `
                          [0] Config.pm:324> INFO – This is Biber 2.1
                          [0] Config.pm:327> INFO – Logfile is 'mainTesi.blg'
                          [65] biber-darwin:276> INFO – === Sun Aug 9, 2015, 17:25:47
                          [65] Biber.pm:333> INFO – Reading 'mainTesi.bcf'
                          [216] Utils.pm:146> WARN – Warning: Found biblatex control file version 2.5, expected version 2.7
                          [217] Biber.pm:645> INFO – Found 1 citekeys in bib section 0
                          [239] Biber.pm:2977> INFO – Processing section 0
                          [259] Biber.pm:3115> INFO – Looking for bibtex format file 'bibliografia.bib' for section 0
                          [268] bibtex.pm:1021> INFO – Decoding LaTeX character macros into UTF-8
                          [268] bibtex.pm:895> INFO – Found BibTeX data source 'bibliografia.bib'
                          [299] UCollate.pm:66> INFO – Overriding locale '' defaults 'variable = shifted' with 'variable = non-ignorable'
                          [299] UCollate.pm:66> INFO – Overriding locale '' defaults 'normalization = NFD' with 'normalization = prenormalized'
                          [299] Biber.pm:2854> INFO – Sorting list '' of type 'entry' with scheme '' and locale ''
                          [299] Biber.pm:2858> INFO – No sort tailoring available for locale ''
                          [300] bbl.pm:505> INFO – Writing 'mainTesi.bbl' with encoding 'UTF-8'
                          [301] bbl.pm:596> INFO – Output to mainTesi.bbl
                          [301] Biber.pm:106> INFO – WARNINGS: 1
                          `

                          Il file .bbl, invece, è abbastanza diverso dal tuo e contiene
                          `
                          % $ biblatex auxiliary file $
                          % $ biblatex bbl format version 2.5 $
                          % Do not modify the above lines!
                          %
                          % This is an auxiliary file used by the 'biblatex' package.
                          % This file may safely be deleted. It will be recreated by
                          % biber as required.
                          %
                          \begingroup
                          \makeatletter
                          \@ifundefined{ver@biblatex.sty}
                          {\@latex@error
                          {Missing 'biblatex' package}
                          {The bibliography requires the 'biblatex' package.}
                          \aftergroup\endinput}
                          {}
                          \endgroup

                          \refsection{0}
                          \sortlist{}{}
                          \entry{eco:tesi}{book}{}
                          \field{sortinit}{s}
                          \field{sortinithash}{fd1e7c5ab79596b13dbbb67f8d70fb5a}
                          \endentry
                          \endsortlist
                          \endrefsection
                          \endinput
                          `

                        • 9 Agosto 2015 alle 15:19 #102818
                          OldClaudio
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                            Vedi il warning nella riga numerata [216]: dice che ha trovato il control file di biblatex in versione 2.5 mentre se lo aspettava in versione 2.7. Sospetto che tu non disponga di una installazione di MacTeX del 2015 o che non sia aggiornata. il mio file .blg contiene le seguenti righe:`[0] Config.pm:324> INFO – This is Biber 2.1
                            [0] Config.pm:327> INFO – Logfile is 'NoBibliography.blg'
                            [52] biber-darwin:276> INFO – === Sun Aug 9, 2015, 16:35:50
                            [52] Biber.pm:333> INFO – Reading 'NoBibliography.bcf'
                            [140] Biber.pm:645> INFO – Found 1 citekeys in bib section 0
                            [164] Biber.pm:2977> INFO – Processing section 0
                            [184] Biber.pm:3115> INFO – Looking for bibtex format file 'bibliografia.bib' for section 0
                            [185] bibtex.pm:1021> INFO – Decoding LaTeX character macros into UTF-8
                            [185] bibtex.pm:895> INFO – Found BibTeX data source 'bibliografia.bib'
                            [208] UCollate.pm:66> INFO – Overriding locale 'it-IT' defaults 'normalization = NFD' with 'normalization = prenormalized'
                            [208] UCollate.pm:66> INFO – Overriding locale 'it-IT' defaults 'variable = shifted' with 'variable = non-ignorable'
                            [208] Biber.pm:2854> INFO – Sorting list 'nty' of type 'entry' with scheme 'nty' and locale 'it-IT'
                            [209] Biber.pm:2858> INFO – No sort tailoring available for locale 'it-IT'
                            [210] bbl.pm:505> INFO – Writing 'NoBibliography.bbl' with encoding 'UTF-8'
                            [210] bbl.pm:596> INFO – Output to NoBibliography.bbl
                            `Ho lavorato con MacTeX 2015 aggiornato a ieri con l’utility TeX Live Utility.app che si trova in Applications/TeX/

                          • 9 Agosto 2015 alle 17:55 #102819
                            daniele
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                              Grandissimo!!! Finalmente ho risolto!
                              Per aggiornare MacTex ho dato da terminale il comando
                              `
                              sudo tlmgr update –all
                              `

                              Grazie mille!!!!:D

                            • 9 Agosto 2015 alle 19:20 #102820
                              OldClaudio
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                                Padronissimo di farlo così. Funziona anche così e funziona alla perfezione.

                                Io preferisco servirmi di TeX Live Utility.app che come ti ho detto si trova in /Applications/TeX/. Se non vedi questa cartella in Finder, usa la voce di menù di Finder Go -> Go to folder, oppure digita la scorciatoia shift+command+G (sul mio Mac, shift è scritto sul tasto per le maiuscole, e command è scritto dove c’è anche il disegno del quadratino con circoletti agli spigoli, tipico delle macchine Mac).

                                Perché preferisco usare questa .app? perché oltre a fare le stesse cose di tlmgr, permette anche di leggere la descrizione sommaria dei pacchetti (l’abstract delle documentazione il più dele volte) e di avere una visione precisa di ciò che viene aggiornato e che cosa viene installato ex novo. Si può fare anche con tlmgr, ma è decisamente più comodo con l’interfaccia grafica.

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